A Review of the Conservation Status and Ecology of the Giant Freshwater Whipray (Urogymnus polylepis) across Its Known Distribution

The giant freshwater whipray is a large-bodied stingray species that listed as endangered across its known range from India through Southeast Asia. However, little about the species’ ecology, biology, and conservation status. We reviewed all available literature, articles, reports on found database internet searches in order to consolidate update information whipray. remarkably research has been done, most existing derived fisher catch reports. Whiprays of 300 kg or more have reported countries where it occurs. evidence suggests this by numerous threats, including fishing, bycatch, bottom trawls, pollution, habitat destruction fragmentation. Various indicate declines population size, genetic diversity, body size. Relatively stable populations may persist Maeklong River, Thailand, Mekong River Cambodia, insular More work needed understand spatio-temporal distribution, reproductive behavior, migration patterns, general ecological biological characteristics inform effective management plans. Due difficulties sampling rare monitoring catches, partnership collaboration with stakeholders, local fishers, government officials, researchers, essential produce gains for